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微软 Windows XP 著名 FCKGW 密钥并非破解密钥，而是企业批量授权密钥外泄_我的网站

一 |      8 月 26 日消息，如果你在 21 世纪初用过个人电脑，那么看到这张用永久性记号笔写着“FCKGW-RHQQ2-YXRKT-8TG6W-2B7Q8”的 CD 图片，应该不需要过多解释。写在 CD 上的这串看似随机的字符，是 Windows 历史上最著名的产品密钥之一。    The CAS held the first of two planned hearings of the Football Union of Russia and club teams’ appeal of a FIFA/UEFA ban from UEFA competition on Tuesday.,Tuesday’s hearing, taking place in Lausanne, Switzerland, will be followed by a second hearing next Monday by four Russian clubs, including Zenit St. Petersburg, the reigning Russian Premier League champions, challenging their exclusion from UEFA competition.,UEFA ruled in May to bar Russian football clubs from all tournaments, including men’s teams and the women’s team for the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2023. At least for the remainder of the current season, Russian teams have been banned from the UEFA Champions League, Europa League, Europa Conference League, Women’s Champions League, and Youth League. The Russian bid to host the Euro 2028 and/or Euro 2032 events has also been preemptively rejected.,In arbitration filed in March, the Football Union of Russia demanded the immediate reinstatement of all teams for competition, arguing the “irreparable harm” that their exclusion would have on tournaments, including the FIFA World Cup, potential sponsorship losses, loss of experience, and loss of opportunity to compete against opponents of high standard. The Russian side also stressed that for players 30 years old or older, the 2022 World Cup constituted “the last chance of their career to play such a tournament.”,Former Formula One Boss Ecclestone Backs Putin Over Conflict With Ukraine30 June, 12:39 GMT,The football union argued that the International Olympic Committee resolution issued in February demanding that Russian athletes and officials be barred from international competition on which FIFA and UEFA based their decisions was “generic,” “does not refer to any legal provision and is not binding upon FIFA,” and that sporting authorities were acting in a “discriminatory” manner by barring Russian players.,FIFA argued that Russian teams’ presence or absence in the World Cup and the Women’s World Cup was “not guaranteed,” and dismissed the fact that some players would miss out on their last chance for their World Cup play as “irrelevant.” Furthermore, the association argued that “pursuant to CAS jurisprudence, private sports associations have a wide autonomy and margin of discretion when deciding on matters related to the competitions which they organize.” The CAS sided with FIFA and UEFA and rejected Russia’s cases in April, prompting FUR to appeal.,US Hybrid War Against Russia,Rick Sterling, a California-based investigative journalist who has written extensively on doping in sports, said he finds it unlikely that the CAS will rule in Russia's favor despite its case's "excellent arguments," among them the idea that you don't punish athletes for the actions of their nations.,"The US invaded Iraq and there was no denunciation let alone a punishment of athletes. The US, France and others overthrew the Libyan government, leaving a destroyed state, without criticism from the IOC or FIFA. So why are the Russian athletes being punished? One reason is because of built-in bias and prejudice. The IOC and FIFA are dominated by the West. It is very damaging that the IOC issued a recommendation that Russian athletes be discriminated against. This is a violation of the Olympic Charter against national discrimination," Sterling says.,"The US is openly and actively working to undermine Russia's image abroad, including in sports. They probably pre-coordinated the response to the special operation. Russian athletes are victims of the US hybrid war against Russia, as are Ukrainians and Russians," the journalist believes.,Football isn’t the only sport to have suffered from politicized bans instituted by world and national sporting authorities in the wake of the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, with tennis, basketball, hockey, skating and skiing competitions also affected. The arbitrary nature of the prohibitions has been exemplified by their random nature, with Russian athletes barred from FIFA play, for example, but allowed to compete in the 2022 Winter Paralympics, and at the US Open tennis tournament.,Top Tennis Stars in Favour of Penalising Wimbledon Over Ban on Russian Players, Report Says11 May, 11:40 GMT,The bans affecting Russia’s football players are just the latest instance of discrimination against the country’s athletes by international sporting bodies in recent years. In 2020, the CAS stripped Russia of its right to use its name, flag, and anthem at the Olympics and world championship events for two years, largely on the basis of the testimony of Grigory Rodchenkov, the former director of the Russian Anti-Doping Center laboratory-turned-informant to the World Anti-Doping who fled to the United States and testified about an alleged Russian “state-run doping program.” Russian officials denied the allegations and accused Rodchenkov of altering doping probe data of Russian athletes to fit the required narrative.。据 Windows Latest 报道，25 年前，也就是 2001 年 8 月 24 日，Windows XP 正式向 OEM（原始设备制造商）推出。几个月后，2001 年 10 月 25 日，Windows XP 正式面向消费者销售。

二 | 与如今的 Windows 不同，Windows XP 并不是免费升级的，即便你当时使用的是 Windows 98，也需要前往零售店购买一张包含安装文件和产品密钥的光盘。

三 | 对于整整一代 PC 用户来说，这就是他们记忆中的 Windows XP 产品密钥。它出现在互联网上、被刻录到各种 CD 中，也出现在无数“已激活”的 Windows XP 系统副本里。

四 | 最终，FCKGW 密钥成为了一种能够激活 Windows XP 并绕过微软反盗版机制的“破解密钥”。这也是大多数人一直以来的认知，但事实并非如此。实际上，上图中的产品密钥根本不是什么“破解密钥”，而是微软泄露的一枚合法的企业批量授权密钥。Windows XP 采用了什么反盗版机制？注意到，21 世纪初的 Windows 与今天的 Windows 有很大不同。

五 | 当时的 Windows 不仅拥有有趣的音乐视频、卡通以及《弹球》等游戏，对微软的重要性也远高于今天，因为 Windows 是推动 Office 以及其他微软产品销售的核心。正如一名前微软员工最近在 Windows Latest 的一篇报道中所说，Windows 当时就是微软的“现金奶牛”。如今，微软并不在意你是否付费使用 Windows 11。

六 | 事实上，激活 Windows 11 所需要的一切信息，在微软的 GitHub 上搜索一下就能找到，这已经足以说明微软如今有多么不在乎这件事。这也与微软现在的商业模式有关。相比于让用户完全不用 Windows，微软宁愿用户运行盗版 Windows。但在 21 世纪初，微软希望用户购买新版 Windows，这也是为什么 Windows XP 成为首个搭载微软“产品激活”（Product Activation）技术的 Windows 大版本。在 Windows XP 发布之前，用户只需要在安装过程中输入产品密钥，就能完成 PC 的激活。Windows XP 改变了这一机制，引入了 Windows 产品激活（WPA），通过增加硬件检查来提高盗版难度。创建了任务管理器的传奇微软工程师 Dave Plummer 也参与了 Windows 产品激活（WPA）的开发，这项技术改变了 Windows 在 PC 上的激活方式。

七 | 过去，用户只需要输入产品密钥并点击激活即可。

八 | 但微软后来开始生成硬件 ID，并将硬件 ID 与产品密钥一起发送给微软进行验证。如果两者不匹配，该产品密钥就可能被标记为盗版。Dave Plummer 表示：“WPA 会根据 CPU、内存以及其他硬件组件生成硬件 ID，然后将其与产品密钥一起发送给微软进行验证。

九 | 如果密钥不匹配或存在可疑情况，系统就会将该 Windows 安装标记为盗版。”不过，微软还为企业提供了另一种激活 Windows XP 的方式，而且这种方式专门针对那些不像普通消费者一样购买 Windows 的公司。一家拥有数千台 PC 的企业，不可能让员工一台一台手动输入产品密钥进行激活。因此，微软创建了“批量许可证密钥”（Volume License Keys，VLK）。通过批量许可证密钥，企业和组织可以同时激活多台 PC，而无需经历普通消费者所需要完成的激活流程。

十 | 微软相信，这些密钥会一直留在购买它们的企业内部。微软从未“意外开发”出一个能够激活 Windows XP 的破解密钥与普遍认知相反，这枚密钥并不是某种“聪明的破解手段”，也不是黑客为了盗版 Windows XP 而生成的万能密钥。实际情况对微软来说更加尴尬：微软弄丢了这枚密钥，而有人只是拿到了一个合法的批量许可证密钥，并将它与企业版安装介质配套使用。

十一 | 最终，这一组合在盗版网络中传播开来，让数十万台 PC 能够在不经过正常激活流程的情况下安装 Windows XP。用微软前工程师 Plummer 自己的话来说：“作为合法的批量许可证密钥，FCKGW-RHQQ2-YXRKT-8TG6W-2B7Q8 已经被 Windows XP 的激活逻辑列入白名单，它会告诉系统：‘这是企业批量授权，无需联系微软服务器。

十二 | ’安装过程中，用户选择‘是的，我有产品密钥’，然后输入这串代码，WPA 就会直接跳过激活提示。系统启动后功能完整，没有 30 天倒计时，也没有水印，甚至还能骗过早期的更新验证机制。这个漏洞让盗版者能够分发‘预激活’ISO 镜像，使得获取 Windows XP 变得像拿到一盘免费的混音带一样简单。从技术上来说，如果你现在还能找到一张老版 Windows XP 光盘，这个密钥过去仍然可以使用，但微软的服务器多年前就已经停止验证，而这枚密钥也早已被列入黑名单。

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Published on:06:00:51